Disc herniation

Before we talk about Disc herniation lets understand what is a disc. The disc is the ring that separates any two vertebrae in the spine. It consists of strong, hard fibers with a viscous liquid (gel) in the center that absorbs shock. The function of the disc is to serve as a point of balance and support for the vertebrae. The vertebrae move on the disc and it regulates their movement. The disc absorbs the pressures coming from the upper vertebra (using the gel) and distributes them evenly to all sides. The disc plays a key role in vertebral stability.

The degenerative process of the annular fibers in the disc endangers it in tears, small tears, or full, which can end in the liquid substance (gel) coming out of the disc core. The fluid can come out forward, backward or even up or down into the vertebral body. Because the posterior annular fibers of the disc are relatively weak, the internal fluid usually bursts backward toward the longitudinal ligament. (A ligament located inside the spinal canal whose function is to protect the spinal cord.)

If the ligament is strong, the fluid will turn slightly to the side, thus causing pressure on the nerve root. Primary pain will be felt when the external fibers of the disc are damaged. The pain will increase when pressure is applied to the longitudinal ligament. Aand it will become acute when there is pressure on the nerve root. Pressure on the nerve roots will cause pain radiated towards the upper or lower limbs, depending on the location of the injury.

Treatment

The most common treatment is treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, various painkillers, physiotherapy, painkillers and rest. Usually the pain will go away within six weeks.

In case the pain does not go away, or if there is weakness or sagging of the foot for example, disturbances in the control of sphincters and other nerve injuries, disc herniation surgery is necessary.